ABSTRACT
Kassabach-Merritt syndrome is a combination of capillary hemangioma and thrombocytopenia that predisposes to bleeding with petechiae, ecchymosis and spontaneous bruising. Treatment is generally started with corticosteroids, interferon alpha or chemotherapy. We present the case of a child (aged 1 year and 9 months) with a giant hemangioma, from the root of the thigh to the knee, and thrombocytopenia. Treatment was started with corticosteroids, without improvement, and then intra-tumor and cutaneous bleeding appeared spontaneously. The patient's clinical condition precluded prescription of vincristine and interferon and emergency tumor resection was conducted because of extreme thrombocytopenia and bleeding. The child then began to develop sepsis with hypotension and ischemia of remnant tissues. This case presented a therapeutic challenge, which is the subject of this article.
A síndrome de Kassabach-Merritt é uma associação de hemangioma capilar e trombocitopenia, que promove sangramentos com petéquias, equimoses e hematomas espontâneos. A conduta é tratar com corticoide, interferon alfa ou quimioterápicos. Apresentamos um caso de criança (com 1 ano e 9 meses anos de idade) com um hemangioma gigante desde a raiz da coxa até altura do joelho, e plaquetopenia. O tratamento foi iniciado com corticoterapia sem melhora do quadro, surgindo de forma espontânea pontos de sangramento intratumoral e cutâneo. Sem condições clínicas de receber vincristina e o interferon, foi feita a ressecção tumoral de urgência por extrema plaquetopenia e sangramento. A criança começou então a desenvolver um quadro séptico com hipotensão e isquemia do tecido residual. Diante deste quadro, configurou-se um desafio terapêutico que será objeto deste artigo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Hemangioma, Capillary/surgery , Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome/surgery , Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome/drug therapy , Amputation, Surgical , Thigh , Thrombocytopenia , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , HypovolemiaABSTRACT
El fenómeno de Kasabach-Merrit (FKM) es una coagulopatía por consumo que se presenta en las primeras semanas de la vida. Se caracteriza por presentar coagulopatía por consumo, con trombocitopenia y anemia hemolítica microangiopática, asociado a un tumor vascular. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar tres pacientes con tumores vasculares que manifestaron FKM y fueron tratados con vincristina como droga de segunda línea, atendidos en el Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital de Pediatría J. P. Garrahan. Dos pacientes presentaron el tumor al nacimiento y otro a partir de los dos meses de vida. Dos fueron niñas y uno varón.Todos los pacientes tenían una trombocitopenia severa (3 000/mm_), bajos niveles de fibrinógeno y dimero D elevado. Los tumores estaban localizados en región proximal de miembro inferior, tronco y miembro superior, y región cervical. Ninguno de nuestros pacientes tuvo compromiso de órganos internos. El diagnóstico histológico en dos de ellos fue de hemangioendotelioma kaposiforme (HEK). Los corticoides fueron el tratamiento de primera linea: metilprednisona 3mg/kg/día por vía oral. En un paciente el tumor continuó creciendo a pesar de haber asociado interferón alfa 2 a la corticoterapia y realizarle secundariamente una embolización. Dada la falta de respuesta clínica y hematológica, se decidió iniciar tratamiento con vincristina 1mg/m2/dosis/IV semanal. Todos los pacientes normalizaron los parámetros hematológicos, con franca mejoría clínica, dos pacientes a la quinta y otro a la sexta dosis de vincristina, con involución gradual del tamaño del tumor. Ninguno de los pacientes presentó complicaciones secundarias al tratamiento ni recidivas de su enfermedad a la fecha. La duración promedio de tratamiento fue de 35±6 días. Podemos concluir que el uso de vincristina es considerado en la actualidad una droga de segunda línea en el tratamiento de tumores vasculares con FKM (AU)
Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) is a consumptive coagulopathy that typicallly presents in the first few weeks of life. It is characterized by a triad of vascular tumor, thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy. We reviewed the clinical and hematologic data and response to therapeutic with vincristine in three patients who had a vascular tumor and KMP at the Dermatology Department of Hospital de Pediatría J. P. Garrahan.Tumors were present at birth in two patients and in one at two months old. Two were girls and one was a boy. All patients had severe thrombocytopenia (Lowest platelets count 3 000/mm_), consumption of fibrinogen and lower D-dimer levels.Tumors were localized on proximal lower limb, trunk and upper limb and cervical area. None of our patients had internal involvement. Histopathology finding in two of them was kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. First line of treatment was prednisolone 3-5mg/kg/day. In one patient the tumor size continued to increase in spite of simultaneous treatment with corticosteroid and interferon alfa-2a plus embolization. After corticosteroids treatment failure, correction of coagulopathy and tumor regression occurred in our three patients after 5 to 6 doses of vincristine 0.5-1mg/m_ IV weekly with almost complete tumor regression and correction of coagulopathy.The average duration of treatment was 35±6days. None of the patients developed complications due to this intervention nor experienced recurrence of the tumor.The use of vincristine is currently a second line treatment of vascular tumors with KMP (AU)